Cook the pasta: Bring a small pot of water to a boil. Add the broken lasagna noodles and cook according to the package directions until al dente (tender with some bite). Drain in a colander, toss lightly to prevent sticking, and set aside.
Cook lentils & veggies: Meanwhile, to a Dutch oven or large pot, add the lentils, tomatoes, zucchini, carrots, Italian seasoning, ½ teaspoon Calabrian chili peppers, black pepper, salt (if using), and a couple splashes of vegetable broth. Cook uncovered over medium heat for 5 to 7 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables start to soften.
Add liquids: Add the remaining vegetable broth and marinara sauce. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to medium and simmer uncovered for 20 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Finish: Stir in the spinach until just wilted. Add the cooked noodles, nutritional yeast, and balsamic vinegar. Taste and adjust seasoning or spice level as desired. Garnish with fresh parsley, fresh basil, and/or a dollop of vegan basil tofu ricotta. Serve warm.